Type : Origine incertaine (Mexique, Veracruz, graines envoyées en Europe en 1730 par Houstoun??), cultivé au jardin botanique de Georges Clifford III (Pays-Bas, Hartekamp), G. Clifford s.n. (LT:
BM000647404 [ex hb. Clifford; sur
Global plants; désigné par van Ee, Willdenowia, 41(1):
[15-]17[-33]. 2011]).
D'après
The Linnean Plant Name Typification Project:
"Type not designated. Although Webster (in Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb.
23: 375. 2001) indicated Houstoun material in the Clifford herbarium as
the type, this was published after 1 Jan 2001 and so the omission of the
phrase "designated here" or an equivalent (Art. 7.11) means that this
choice is not effective."
D'après van Ee (Willdenowia, 41(1):
[15-]19[-33]. 2011): "Smith &
al. (1988: 68) indicated a "Hort. cliff. 445" specimen from Veracruz, Mexico as the type of
Croton lobatus, but stated that the specimen did not exist, which makes it difficult for this to be considered an effective lectotypification. For the species for which Smith &
al. (1988) called one of the syntype specimens the type, and sometimes indicated a herbarium, their designation can be considered an effective lectotypification, as by Caruzo & Cordeiro (2007), although some of these require a second step (ICBN Art. 9.15, McNeill & al. 2006). Webster (2001a: 375) indicated a Houston s.n. specimen in the Clifford herbarium as the type of
C. lobatus and also attributed it as being from Veracruz, Mexico. However, as Jarvis (2007) pointed out this lacked the phrase "designated here" and can therefore not be considered an effective lectotypification (ICBN Art. 7.11, McNeill & al. 2006). That is remedied here by designating the sheet in the Clifford herbarium the lectotype.
Linnaeus (1753: 1005) indicated the distribution of
Croton lobatus as "in Vera Cruce" and along with "Hort. cliff. 445" also made reference to Martyn (1728: t. 46), which makes the latter a part of the original material. Martyn (1728: p. 46) indicated the distribution of his taxon "
Ricinoides herbaceum, foliis trifidis vel quinquefidis, & serratis" (=
Astraea lobata) by stating "Circa Veram Crucem frequens est, teste Houstono, qui semina ejus anno 1730 in Europam misit [frequent near Veracruz, according to Houston, who sent seeds of it to Europe in 1730]." There is no indication that the lectotype sheet is definitely a plant grown from seed sent by B. R. Houston, or a specimen collected by him, or that it is from Veracruz, Mexico, and Linnaeus (1753) may have been referring to Martyn (1728) rather than to the provenance of the specimen in the Clifford herbarium."
Type : D'après Silva
et al. (Phytotaxa, 404(4):
128. 2019): "Although Linnaeus’ original description for
C. lobatus
is not detailed, the previous work of Martyn (1728), cited by Linnaeus
(1753), has a detailed description, commentaries, and even an
illustration of this taxon. According to the information in Martyn
(1728) and analyzing the specimen cited by Linnaeus (1753; Herb.
Clifford: 445,
BM647404!),
A. lobata
s.s. has younger portions of branches with a pubescent indumentum
consisting of stellate-porrect trichomes bearing a central ray that does
not surpass 1.5 mm, the calyx of the pistillate flower strongly
accrescent in fruit and surpassing it in length, and ovaries with
stellate trichomes.
The type locality of
Astraea lobata was
considered unknown by van Ee (2011), who properly designated the
above-mentioned collection (BM647404!) as its lectotype. The type
locality in the original protologue was cited as “Vera Cruce” by
Linnaeus (1753), and as the state of Veracruz, on the Atlantic coast of
Mexico, by Smith
et al. (1988: 68). The state of Veracruz is also
accepted by Webster (2001) and Caruzo & Cordeiro (2007). Van Ee
(2011) questioned this type locality because the uncertain origin of the
type specimen. However, according to Martyn’s observation the seeds
were sent from Veracruz by Houston to Europe (1728: 46; “Circa Veram
Crucem frequens est, teste Houstono, qui semina ejus anno 1730 in
Europam misit”). Van Ee (2011) advocated that Linnaeus (1753) could be
citing Martyn (1728) instead of the origin of the plant in its
description of
Croton lobatus, but in Hortus Cliffortianus it is mentioned that the provenance of the plant of the type specimen of
Croton lobatus is “Vera Crucem”. Hence, we think there is no problems in considering the state of Veracruz, Mexico, as the type locality of
A. lobata s.s."
